Meet Your Hormones…
1. Estrogen
Estrogens are a group of steroid sex hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women (to a lesser degree in men, as well). There are three main estrogens: Estrione, Estradiol, and Estriol. They are mostly made in the ovaries, but also in a small amount in fat cells and adrenals. They play an important role in regulating the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age as well as maintaining various functions in pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause.
There are estrogen receptors found in every tissue in our body so estrogen exerts an effect on each organ where receptors are found, such as the reproductive and urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, mucous membranes, pelvic muscles, and the brain. Many organ systems, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular systems, and brain are affected by estrogen. For example, it protects against Alzheimer’s disease by stimulating the production of certain enzymes, increases metabolic rate, improves insulin sensitivity, helps maintain muscle, builds and maintains bone, improves sleep, and keeps your skin youthful longer.
Symptoms of low estrogen include:
- Irregular or absent menstruation
- Depression/anxiety/mood swings/irritability/apathy
- Hot flashes and/or night sweats
- Brain fog and/or fatigue
- Brittle bones/osteoporosis
- Vaginal dryness, soreness, or atrophy
- Sore and/or swollen breasts
- Painful sex
- Headaches
- Lack of sexual desire or difficulty achieving orgasm
- MENOPAUSE is a state of very low estrogen
2. Progesterone
- Steroid female sex hormone
- Also present and functional in males
- Involved in the menstrual cycle, implantation, and development of an embryo in the uterus as well as maintenance of pregnancy
- Improves vasomotor symptoms in menopause (night sweats and hot flashes)
- Has anti-inflammatory properties
- Promotes immunity
- Has a positive effect on sleep
- Balances estrogen
- Supports breasts: protects against breast cancer and fibrocystic breast disease
- Supports uterus: protects against endometrial cancer
- Stimulates bone building, protects against osteoporosis
- Helps maintain libido/sexual desire
- Enhances the action of thyroid hormones
- Increases metabolic rate so helps keep weight steady
- Helps use fat for energy
- Helps maintain bladder function
- Stimulates the brain’s GABA receptors creating a calming, feel-good effect on the body
- Helps prevent anxiety, irritability, and mood swings
- Natural antidepressant
- Protects against mental decline, helps with memory
- Helps the body use and eliminate fats so lowers LDL
- Increases scalp hair
- Improves heavy and/or painful menstrual bleeding
- Can help with premenstrual headaches and/or migraines
- Acts as a diuretic (pushes excess water out of the body)
- Relaxes smooth muscle of the gut aiding in digestion
- In summary, supports healthy bones, breast, heart, liver, and brain tissue in women
3. Cortisol
- A steroid hormone called “fight or flight hormone”
- Produced by our adrenal glands and in small amounts in other tissues
- It helps our body respond to stress and inflammation
- Cortisol is released into the blood in a diurnal rhythm, meaning that it is the highest in the morning, about 30-60 min after we wake up, and then slowly tapers down, normally becoming its lowest at bedtime to allow for restful sleep
- A high level of it gives us energy in the morning, and a low level in the evening allows up to fall and stay asleep
- Increases blood sugar levels
- Increases blood pressure
- Regulates metabolism
- Influences memory formation
- Controls salt and water balance
4. DHEA
DHEA – is a hormone made mostly by the adrenal gland but also a little bit in the skin and brain
- Precursor hormone for the production of testosterone and estrogen
- Its production declines with age starting in the late 20s
- Stress may also impact your DHEA levels
- Increases lean body mass and muscle strength
- Activates immune function
- Improves sleep
- Increases feeling of wellness
- Decreases joint soreness
- Increases insulin sensitivity
- Decreases triglycerides
- Decreases risk of cardiovascular disease
- Elevates growth hormone levels
- Has a positive effect on memory
- In women, improves sexual satisfaction
5. Testosterone
- Not just a male hormone, exerts some important effects on women, as well
- Produced mostly by the adrenals but a little bit by the ovaries in women
- Plays a role in sexual function, libido
- Supports muscle strength and body composition
- Positive effect on mood
- Positive effect on bone mass
6. Thyroid Hormone
- Equally vital in men and women
- Not a single hormone but a group of hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland located in the front of your neck under the voice box
- Regulates our basal metabolic rate
Body functions it impacts:
- Metabolism- how our body utilizes energy
- Regulates heart rate
- Regulates breathing
- Regulates body temperature
- Regulates digestion
- Regulates brain development and mental activity
- Skin and bone maintenance
- Regulates weight
- Optimizes fertility
- Optimizes DHEA production